并 · 以及
并: and (then), joining two actions of the same person · 以及: and, as well as, before the last item of a list
Structure
动词1 + 并 + 动词2 · A、B 以及 C
What it means
并 means “and (then)”, joining two actions done by the same person. 以及 means “and, as well as”, before the last item of a list.
How it is built
Verb 1 + 并 + verb 2: 会上大家讨论并通过了新的措施 (everyone discussed and passed the measures). A、B + 以及 + C: 纸、塑料瓶以及旧衣服都能再利用.
When to use it
Both sound formal, as in reports and the news. In speech say 然后 or 还 instead of 并, and 和 instead of 以及. 并 joins verbs; 以及 joins nouns.
Watch out
和 cannot join two clauses: ✗ 他找到了问题，和很快解决了。 ✓ 他找到了问题，并很快解决了。 This 并 is not the 并 of 并不 (h3-14), which stresses a “not”.
Examples
会上大家讨论并通过了新的措施。
At the meeting everyone discussed and passed the new measures.
他找到了问题，并很快解决了。
He found the problem and quickly solved it.
纸、塑料瓶以及旧衣服都能再利用。
Paper, plastic bottles and old clothes can all be used again.
Learn this in HSK 4 · Lesson 11: 垃圾分类 (Sorting rubbish)
A dialogue, a reading, word cards with audio and a drill that uses it, in Learn Chinese with Bao. The first lessons of every level are free.
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