数量 ＋ 及以上／及以下
… and above / … and below (the number itself included)
Structure
数量 ＋ 及以上 ／ 及以下 （＋ 的 ＋ 名词）
What it means
'… and above / … and below', with the number itself included. 及 is formal 'and'; adding it removes the doubt that plain 以上／以下 leave about the boundary.
How it is built
Number + 及以上／及以下 (+ 的 + noun): 六十五岁及以上的老人可以免费乘坐公交车 (People aged sixty-five and over ride the buses free).
When to use it
Statistics, notices, surveys. In everyday use 六十岁以上 may or may not include sixty; 及以上 makes clear it does. In law (the Civil Code) 以上／以下 include the number by definition, while 不满 and 超过 exclude it.
Watch out
及 cannot be swapped for 和: ✗六十岁和以上 ✓六十岁及以上. It follows the number directly and goes before 的 + noun.
Examples
六十五岁及以上的老人可以免费乘坐公交车。
People aged sixty-five and over travel free on the buses.
本次活动只面向十八岁及以上的成年人。
This event is open only to adults aged eighteen and over.
气温在零下五度及以下时，户外施工必须暂停。
When the temperature is minus five or below, outdoor building work must stop.
Learn this in Lesson 161 · HSK 7–9: 忘了回家的路 (Forgetting the way home)
A dialogue, a reading, word cards with audio and a drill that uses it, in Learn Chinese with Bao. The first lessons of every level are free.
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