从而
thereby; and thus
Structure
做法或原因 ， 从而 进一步的结果
What it means
Thereby; and thus: the first clause is the means or step, and 从而 introduces the further result it brings about.
How it is built
Action or cause，从而 + verb phrase (same subject): 公司改进了技术，从而降低了成本 (The company improved its technology and thereby cut costs).
When to use it
Written. 因此 only says 'therefore'; 从而 says the first step is the means to the second. Typical of reports, essays and news, rare in casual speech.
Watch out
从而 is followed directly by a verb, with the same subject: ✗ 他努力学习，从而他考上了大学 ✓ 他努力学习，从而考上了大学. With a new subject use 因此 or 所以.
Examples
中国几十年来保持经济高速增长，从而成为世界第二大经济体。
China kept up rapid economic growth for decades, thereby becoming the world’s second-largest economy.
公司改进了技术，从而降低了成本。
The company improved its technology and thereby cut costs.
Learn this in Lesson 51 · HSK 6: 改革开放 (Reform and opening up)
A dialogue, a reading, word cards with audio and a drill that uses it, in Learn Chinese with Bao. This lesson is free.
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