包括…在内
including …
Structure
包括 成员 在内 的 + 名词 · 包括 成员 在内 ， （一共） 数量
What it means
Including …: 在内 closes the frame and stresses that the named items are counted in.
How it is built
包括 + items + 在内 + 的 + noun, or 包括…在内 + comma + total: 包括周末在内，一共八天 (counting the weekend, eight days in all).
When to use it
Two slots: before a noun with 的 (包括中国在内的四十多个国家) or before a total, often with 一共. The negative 不包括…在内 means ‘not counting’. Common in news and reports.
Watch out
Not 以内 or 之内, which set a limit (三天以内), and not 除了…以外, which can leave things out. 包括…在内 always counts the named items in.
Examples
包括风电、光伏在内的新能源，装机已占全国近一半。
New energy, wind and solar included, now makes up nearly half of the country’s capacity.
包括周末在内，这次假期一共八天。
Counting the weekend, the holiday lasts eight days in all.
这次会议有包括中国在内的四十多个国家参加。
More than forty countries, China among them, are taking part in the conference.
Learn this in Lesson 177 · HSK 7–9: 一度电的旅程 (The journey of a kilowatt-hour)
A dialogue, a reading, word cards with audio and a drill that uses it, in Learn Chinese with Bao. The first lessons of every level are free.
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