以致 和 以至（于）
with the result that (bad) / so much so that
Structure
原因 ， 以致 不好的结果 ／ 程度 ， 以至（于） 结果
What it means
以致 brings in a consequence that is almost always bad; 以至（于） stresses degree, “so much so that”, and the result can be neutral or good.
How it is built
Cause，以致 + bad result; degree，以至于 + result: 他听得太入迷了，以至于忘了下车 (he was so absorbed he forgot to get off).
When to use it
以致 is written and blames what came before (a mistake, a lack of care). 以至 alone also extends a rising series: 几个月以至几年 (months, or even years).
Watch out
The common mistake is using 以致 for a good or neutral result. If the result is not bad, choose 以至于, which focuses on degree (太…，以至于…).
Examples
骑手只好拼命赶时间，以致闯红灯、出事故的情况时有发生。
Riders had to race the clock, with the result that jumped red lights and accidents were not uncommon.
他听得太入迷了，以至于忘了下车。
He was so absorbed in listening that he forgot to get off.
这个问题可能要花几个月以至几年才能解决。
This problem may take months, or even years, to solve.
Learn this in Lesson 60 · HSK 6: 外卖骑手 (Delivery riders and the gig economy)
A dialogue, a reading, word cards with audio and a drill that uses it, in Learn Chinese with Bao. The first lessons of every level are free.
Open the lesson →