以及
and; as well as (before the last item; written)
Structure
名词/短语 、 名词/短语 以及 名词/短语
What it means
“And, as well as”: joins nouns or phrases, usually before the last item of a list. More written than 和.
How it is built
A、B + 以及 + C: 请写清楚您的姓名、电话以及详细地址 (please write your name, phone number and full address). It may follow a comma: …的原因,以及解决的办法.
When to use it
Often marks the last item as a different kind of thing or an afterthought, so it can follow a comma, which 和 rarely does. 及 alone is more formal still.
Watch out
以及 does not join two actions in sequence: ✗ 我吃了饭,以及看了电视。 ✓ 我吃了饭,然后看了电视。
Examples
重庆的火锅、小面以及各种街头小吃,都少不了麻和辣。
Chongqing’s hotpot, its noodles and all kinds of street snacks can never do without numbing pepper and chilli.
请写清楚您的姓名、电话以及详细地址。
Please write your name, phone number and full address clearly.
会上讨论了交通拥挤的原因,以及解决的办法。
The meeting discussed the causes of the traffic congestion, and how to deal with it.
Learn this in Lesson 21 · HSK 5: 山城重庆 (Chongqing, the mountain city)
A dialogue, a reading, word cards with audio and a drill that uses it, in Learn Chinese with Bao. The first lessons of every level are free.
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