及其
A and its B
Structure
A 及其 B（A 的 B）
What it means
A and its (or their) B: joins a thing and something that belongs to it, like A 和 A 的 B.
How it is built
A + 及其 + B: 会议讨论了当前的问题及其原因 (The meeting discussed the current problems and their causes).
When to use it
及 is the written 和: it joins nouns only, the weightier one first. 以及 can also join clauses and often brings in the last, lesser item. Common in reports, news and legal texts.
Watch out
其 means its／his／their and points back to A, so B must belong to A, and A can’t be 我 or 你: ✗ 我及其朋友 ✓ 我和我的朋友. For clauses, use 以及, not 及其.
Examples
中央委员会选出政治局及其常务委员会。
The Central Committee elects the Politburo and its Standing Committee.
会议讨论了当前的问题及其原因。
The meeting discussed the current problems and their causes.
Learn this in Lesson 103 · HSK 7–9: 政治体制入门 (How the political system is built)
A dialogue, a reading, word cards with audio and a drill that uses it, in Learn Chinese with Bao. This lesson is free.
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