（凡）…的，…
anyone who …, …; where …, … (the conditional of laws and rules)
Structure
（凡） 某种人／某种情况 的 ， 法律后果（可以／应当／须／处…）
What it means
The conditional of laws and rules: a phrase ending in 的 means 'anyone who …' or 'where …', and the clause after the comma gives the consequence.
How it is built
(凡) + kind of person/case + 的 + ， + consequence (可以／应当／须／不得／处…): 被告人不服一审判决的，可以在十日以内上诉 (a defendant who disputes the judgment may appeal within ten days).
When to use it
Laws, regulations, notices. The 的-phrase is really a noun ('those who …'), so 凡 can stand before it and several conditions can be listed. In speech: 如果…就… or 谁…谁就….
Watch out
It states a general rule, not what one person did: ✗ 李某不服一审判决的，上诉了 ✓ 李某不服一审判决，提出了上诉.
Examples
被告人不服一审判决的，可以在十日以内上诉。
A defendant who disputes the first-instance judgment may appeal within ten days.
凡在景区内乱扔垃圾的，一律罚款五十元。
Anyone who drops litter in the scenic area is fined fifty yuan, without exception.
借的书到期不还的，图书馆将暂停其借书资格。
Anyone who does not return a book by its due date will have their borrowing rights suspended by the library.
Learn this in Lesson 193 · HSK 7–9: 一桩刑事案 (How a criminal case moves)
A dialogue, a reading, word cards with audio and a drill that uses it, in Learn Chinese with Bao. The first lessons of every level are free.
Open the lesson →